Two Minds Blog

  In my blog post on Nudges , I talked about why grocery stores sell higher-profit items at eye level (because people are more likely to buy those). That's an example of "design architecture," defined as environmental structures that encourage or discourage particular forms of behavior. NPR's Planet Money  podcast highlighted another form of design architecture in a recent episode : package size.  After many years of offering only a few standardized sizes for their products, manufacturers have begun selling the same products in a much wider range of packages. Coca-Cola was a pioneer in this area of marketing, launching tiny cans for health-conscious consumers and also giant bottles for families and parties. The price of the actual soda can vary along with its package size: People are actually willing to pay a higher price per ounce when the can or bottle is smaller, because of the perception of convenience or health benefits. But size can also have an effect on how m

  America is experiencing a mental health crisis , with the most recent data (2022) showing a record high number of people who took their own lives. Drug overdose deaths also continue to rise, and are consistently related to problems with anxiety and depression. Worldwide, people report more "bad mental health" days and lower overall levels of happiness than they did 20 years ago, and the problem is particularly acute among young people . More people than ever are accessing psychotherapy , yet that hasn't fixed the problem. Standard approaches like cognitive-behavioral therapy, which encourage us to think our way out of our troubles, have not been successful against this challenge. Sources of Strength began as a statewide suicide-prevention program for teens in North Dakota, which in 1998 was seeing many young people die from suicide, along with overdoses and car crashes (two types of death that are also potentially related to suicidal feelings). In pooled results from

  College enrollment is not only declining in the U.S., but changing in substantial ways. Specifically, many fewer students are now interested in a humanities or liberal arts major, while many more are pursuing professional training in fields like health care or engineering. Record numbers of U.S. colleges are closing or dramatically cutting back their program offerings as a result. These nationwide trends relate to student concerns about employability, as well as employer demands for new hires with specific skill-based credentials rather than a broad-based undergraduate education. Badges and other micro-credentials (some offered by universities!) have emerged as a way to meet employers' and students' demands for specific content learning. What is lost when we don't have English and history majors available as a course of study? Some experts argue that these disciplines teach critical skills like problem-solving, communication, and discourse that are necessary across s

  Wheat Field with Crows, V. Van Gogh (Auvers-sur-Oise, July 1890). Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam I have written several posts about creativity ( here , here , and here ), all of which touched briefly on the common belief that great creative works are often products of a disturbed mind. In this post I will explore the idea in greater detail. Vincent Van Gogh is often cited as the exemplar of this linkage -- the painting above is one of his last. It conveys a certain eerie or threatening quality despite its beauty, and it was painted in the same month that he died by suicide at the age of 37. That was about a year and a half after the well-known incident where Van Gogh cut off part of his own ear and sent it to a cleaning girl at a brothel that he often visited, which resulted in his temporary institutionalization at a French asylum. Clearly Van Gogh was not mentally well. The supposed linkage of genius and madness, however, suggests that his mental illness was directly related to the qua

In previous posts I have described Roy Baumeister's glucose theory of self-control , and how glucose depletion might explain the " Mardi Gras effect " in which a little bit of self-indulgence now might make it easier to resist temptation later on. But Baumeister also offer some advice on how to develop willpower so that we become less vulnerable to self-regulatory failures. Essentially, Baumeister views willpower as just one more skill that people can develop through intentional practice . People who have worked to build the skill may become less glucose-depleted in a situation that would challenge their peers, and therefore may be able to resist temptation longer and with reduced consequences for their mental state. Baumeister talks about the example of David Blaine, a British performance artist who specializes in feats of endurance. For example, Blaine once stood on an 80-foot pillar in New York's Central Park for 35 hours without sleep. On another occasion, Blaine

Image: Young Mozart Giving a Recital, H. Pihnnero (19th century)   When I was young, everyone considered me to be "good at math." What do we mean when we use that phrase? It implies a certain innate ability, one that most people can't achieve. I had classmates who were told that they succeeded only by "working hard" at math, while for me the ability was supposedly inborn. My daughter Ruth is also good at math. At this point she has taken more of it than I ever did, she helps others with their math and physics homework at a tutoring center, and she is studying to be an engineer. She never had the stellar test scores that I did in high school, though, in part because it takes her a little longer to work through the problems on a timed test. Does this mean she isn't really "good" at the subject? I think not: On a recent construction project, I deferred to her better-informed calculations. As a culture we subscribe to the myth of genius : the idea of a